Bolivia vs. Paraguay: A Comparison for Expat Immigration

By Alexandra Allover | October 26, 2022

For expats considering a move to South America, Bolivia and Paraguay stand out as affordable, less-trodden options with distinct cultures and landscapes. Bolivia offers dramatic Andean highlands and vibrant cities, while Paraguay boasts fertile plains and a quieter pace. Immigration policies, however, can make or break your experience. Let’s dive into five critical aspects—visa processes, living costs, citizenship paths, lifestyle, and economic opportunities—to see how these nations stack up, with a possible edge for Paraguay.

1. Visa and Residency Processes

– Bolivia: Expats typically start with a Specific Purpose Visa, applied for at a Bolivian consulate before arrival. It’s valid for 30 days, extendable to 90, and requires documents like a passport, proof of income (around $500/month minimum), and a clean criminal record. For residency, you’ll submit additional paperwork in-country—think health certificates and a “memorial” letter—through the Migration Office. It’s manageable but can feel slow and bureaucratic, sometimes taking months with unexpected hiccups. It’s important to know that you need to spend at least 180 days per year in Bolivia in order to maintain your residency. In Paraguay, on the other hand, you need to come back one every three years.

– Paraguay: Here’s where it gets simpler. Enter as a tourist (visa-free for many nationalities, up to 90 days), then apply for permanent residency from within. You’ll need a passport, birth certificate, proof of solvency (e.g., $5,000 in a bank or steady income (edit: this changed in November 2022), and a clean record—all legalized or apostilled. Processing takes 3-6 months, and the streamlined system rarely demands extra steps.

2. Cost of Living and Immigration Fees

– Bolivia: Residency fees range from $200-$600, depending on visa type (temporary or permanent), plus costs for notarization and translations ($50-$150). Living costs are low—rent in Santa Cruz averages $300-$500/month for a one-bedroom, with groceries for one around $150-$200/month. All these costs are at least double or triple if you stick to a Western lifestyle, which you may find in some cities such as Santa Cruz. Generally, it’s affordable but slightly pricier in urban hubs.

– Paraguay: Residency costs are around $500 if you do it yourself; with a residency helper it will be more like $2000, including basic fees and document prep. Living expenses can be lower, however if you stick to Western Standards, your expenses will be similar to home—simple rentals in Asunción range from $250-$450/month, and groceries hover around $120-$180. However, you can easily pay three times as much! It all depends where and how you want to live. Western living standards are, however, accessible.

3. Pathways to Citizenship

– Bolivia: After three years of residency (two if married to a Bolivian), you can apply for citizenship. Expect a Spanish test, proof of residency continuity, and a 6-9 month wait—staying in-country is a must. It’s doable but requires commitment to the process.

– Paraguay: Citizenship also kicks in after three years, with lighter hurdles: basic Spanish, a clean record, and no strict in-country requirement during processing (though residency must be maintained). Approval can take 6-12 months. Paraguay’s flexibility makes it more expat-friendly for long-term goals.

4. Lifestyle and Infrastructure

– Bolivia: From La Paz’s 3,600-meter altitude to Santa Cruz’s lowland energy, Bolivia’s diversity is unmatched. Yet, infrastructure lags—only 10% of roads are paved, and rural internet or power can falter. Cities offer cultural richness, but expats may feel the strain of spotty services.

– Paraguay: Less jaw-dropping in scenery, Paraguay compensates with practicality. Eastern hubs like Asunción and Ciudad del Este have solid roads (30% paved), reliable utilities, and a slower, safer vibe. It’s not luxe, but it’s functional. Paraguay’s stability suits expats prioritizing comfort over rugged charm.

5. Job and Investment Opportunities

– Bolivia: The economy leans on gas, mining, and agriculture, but expat jobs are scarce outside teaching English or niche sectors—Spanish is a must. Real estate in Santa Cruz ($800-$1,200/square meter) tempts investors, though bureaucracy slows business setups.

– Paraguay: Agriculture (soy, beef) and hydropower drive growth, with expat openings in agribusiness or trade. Tax perks (low income tax, no global income tax) and MERCOSUR access sweeten the deal. Property prices match Bolivia’s, but starting an LLC is quicker. Paraguay’s momentum favors entrepreneurial expats.

Conclusion: Bolivia or Paraguay?

Bolivia and Paraguay both beckon with low costs and South American flair, but their immigration realities cater to different expat profiles. Bolivia suits adventurers willing to wrestle bureaucracy for its raw beauty and grit. Paraguay, meanwhile, offers a smoother ride—simpler residency, cheaper living, and a growing economy.

If you have any questions regarding Paraguay residency, you can make a free call with me or my partner Paul!